To make sure that the child develops correctly, it is necessary to know exactly what skills are characteristic of his age.
We have collected all the necessary information for you, just read and compare with your observations..
The first month of every person's life is the most responsible. At this time, a small person adapts to the new conditions of his life, and a lot of further development and growth depends on how well this process goes.
All body systems are rebuilt, the digestive system starts up, the kidneys get their first job, the skin, respiratory tract and intestines get acquainted with new microbes.
For parents, the first month is an exciting time when they get used to new roles and a new way of life.
Only now you will feel like parents and face a huge number of new worries.
No matter how you imagine your ideal first days with a newborn during pregnancy, trust me, everything will be different.
In addition to worries and worries, this month, of course, will bring you a huge amount of positive emotions. Seeing how the baby grows and learns new things is the main reward in the life of parents. Such strong emotions you will not experience anywhere else.
Setting up breastfeeding
During this period, the most important thing is to provide a growing body best nutrition i.e. breast milk.
If it is not enough and it stays very slowly (this happens during the first birth), doctors recommend putting the baby to the chest as soon as he begins to show even slight signs of anxiety. After all, the most powerful stimulant of lactation is a child.
Expert opinion
Vikulova Alla Petrovna - consultant on breastfeeding
Consultant for breastfeeding, doula.
This feeding regimen is called "feeding on demand" and is optimal for the first weeks. Many young mothers say that with this regimen, they sometimes get 10 and 12 feedings per day. But in this case, the end justifies the means and you will have to endure for some time. Remember, this won't last long.
A young mother should definitely familiarize herself with the material -.
After there is enough milk, try switching to another feeding mode - “on time”.
Children spend the first weeks of life in sleep, it takes up to 20 hours a day, at which time the brain is actively developing.
At the end of the first month, you will already notice the first results of this.
Let your baby not yet play the piano and write poetry, but he already knows a lot, for a person who was born into this world 3-4 weeks ago. So what should a newborn be able to do?
The very first abilities of newborns are reflex responses to certain stimuli.. They are used by neonatologists to determine the condition of the child in the hospital. The pediatrician who will come to your home will look for these same reflexes.
Reflexes of babies
- Prehensile
It will manifest itself if you touch the child's palm. The handle will wrap around your finger, and quite firmly.
- Search
Try running your finger along the baby's cheek and he will turn his head.
- Mohr's reflexes
They consist in breeding arms and legs if sharp and loud sounds are heard
The so-called swimming. If you put the baby on his stomach, he will move his legs and arms, imitating swimming movements.
- Babkin's reflex
When you press the palm of your hand, the baby will turn its head and open its mouth. It does not occur in all newborns.
Walking. Try to put the baby upright, so that the legs touch a hard surface. Your child will make several walking movements.
- Foot reflex
Swipe across outer edge newborn's feet. The toes will spread out to the sides, and the foot will turn.
- sucking
The main reflex of an infant. It consists in the fact that if you hold it around the mouth, the lips will make sucking movements. It is part of the food instinct.
In the first months of life, babies need regular medical examinations, only after birth you can fully appreciate how it went. Perhaps you decide to conduct examinations in a good private clinic. Read our next post.
Physical development
- The baby becomes active, he more wiggles his arms and legs.
At this stage of development, his movements lack coordination, and it will take another two months for it to appear.
- Raises head and butt from a prone position.
Create a fulcrum for the legs with the palm of your hand (bring it to the heels) and the baby will move forward a few centimeters.
- Many children as young as 1 month can hold their head for a while lying on their stomach or when they are held upright.
At a month and a half, they already do it confidently, and by two months this skill is fixed.
Development of emotions
- Already at such a tender age children begin to show interest in adult faces who are looking after him.
They can look at them for a long time, listen to the voice. Mom's voice is always easily recognized and distinguished from others.
Talk more with your child, it is very important for him to hear your calm and gentle voice, because there is still an unfamiliar environment around him, to which he is only adapting.
Expert opinion
Klimenko Natalya Gennadievna - psychologist
Practicing psychologist at municipal antenatal clinic
During this period, emotional bonds are formed between parents and the child, so communicate as often and as long as possible, carry the child in your arms and do not be afraid to spoil. Love and attention cannot be spoiled. But to injure nervous system, ignoring crying, easily.
- The baby can already look at stationary objects for some time that are close to it.
You should show him bright toys and slowly drive them at a distance of 30 centimeters from the eyes, the baby will follow them.
- Begins to play sounds, "hum".
Did your baby smile at you at 1 month old?
Yes!No.
The frequency and variety of sounds produced depends on how often you talk to your baby.
Proved that children who often hear the voice of their parents addressed to them begin to "walk" and talk faster. Change your intonation, address the baby with questions, motivations and, of course, praise more often.
- In addition to imitating the sounds of adults, a newborn baby of 1 month of life already trying to copy facial expressions.
But, again, if the parents take enough time to set an example. Do not be afraid to grimace, in this case it is not just pampering, but training and the basis for further development.
- At 1 month children begin to clearly respond to sounds turn their head towards the source.
Your task is to make sure that these sounds are not too harsh and loud, these can be very frightening. It is better to turn on classical music for your child, it has been proven that it has a beneficial effect on the brain. And children of the first year of life are especially susceptible to its beneficial influence.
In the early 90s, a study was conducted in America on the influence of Mozart's music on the development of the brain of young children. Regular listening to it has been shown to develop areas of the brain that are responsible for orientation and the ability to reason about time and space.
- By the end of the first month, children already know how to demonstrate their mood.
Now crying can mean not only the presence of some physiological inconvenience, but also a desire to be in your arms, a bad mood.
In other words, your baby must learn to complain, and you must understand the reason for his frustration.
- Learn to smile.
Probably one of the most exciting new skills of the first month.
To make this happen faster, smile more often, try to communicate with joy and your condition will be transmitted to him.
He quickly learns to smile, children love to repeat everything after adults.
And the moment when you see the first conscious smile addressed to you personally is never forgotten. After that, all difficulties and inconveniences are instantly forgotten, sleepless nights and restless evenings are easier to endure.
Moms often ask us -. Detailed answer at the link.
How to help your baby develop properly
Remember, the first month of life is important for the further development of the child. Therefore, follow the daily routine, follow the recommendations of the pediatrician and be attentive to your baby.
Take it in your arms more often, walk around the house with him, so he will hear his mother's heart, feel his native smell and will be lulled by the familiar rhythm of steps.
To feel everything that I got used to in 9 months.
During this period, children are just beginning to get used to life in new conditions and you need to help the baby adapt to it as painlessly as possible.
Be attentive to your baby, because developmental disorders in early age can have very serious consequences. You may encounter, for example, .
Useful video
In the next video, a specialist will tell you about the development of such tiny babies. The video was created in collaboration with an experienced pediatric neurologist:
There will be hundreds of months and decades in the life of this person, however, the FIRST month is four weeks of special responsibility and attention of parents, these are thirty days of new sensations and recognition of this world by the baby, new extraordinary impressions and experiences of mom and dad.
Physical development
In the life of this person there will be hundreds of months and decades, but the first month is four weeks of special responsibility and attention of parents, these are thirty days of new sensations and recognition of this world by the baby, new extraordinary impressions and experiences of mom and dad. This is the month when new life literally and figuratively flows into your home. In the maternity hospital, like a shot from a starting pistol, the cry of a new citizen of our planet is heard. The start is given, and ahead is a life-long marathon distance.
In the period of the first month after childbirth, the baby is usually called a newborn. Only after being born, after a difficult first breath and a deafening birth catharsis, the baby's organs and systems begin to actively adapt to extrauterine life. Immediately in the maternity hospital, according to the rules, in the first 12 hours of life, the newborn is given the first vaccination against viral hepatitis in his life, and within 3-7 days he is vaccinated against tuberculosis (BCG). The next vaccination will be a hepatitis B booster at 1 month of age.
The circulatory system is significantly rebuilt, red blood cells with the fruit type of hemoglobin (it is also called fetal) are rapidly destroyed, now irrelevant for the body, the immune system is activated, the kidneys, digestive and endocrine systems of the child solve their first problems, and his skin, respiratory tract and intestines encountering previously unfamiliar microbes for the first time.
It is possible that in the first week after birth, the baby will lose about ten percent of body weight. This is a consequence of the adaptation of the body of the newborn to the extrauterine environment. Parents should not panic and worry about this. In the future, the baby will quickly recover and gain weight. In the first week, the whole body of the newborn works with great tension, and a more stable and calm state occurs only at the beginning of the second week.
Indicators of the child from birth to 1 month
Growth chart and
And the weight chart
Height
3.330-3.530 kg
Head circumference
chest girth
The first month the baby spends a significant part of the day (up to 20 hours) in a dream. A newborn, as a rule, sleeps in a frog position, that is, lying on his back, with arms bent at the elbows and raised up and with legs bent at the knee joints and moved apart to the sides.
In a newborn during this period, five states of sleep are distinguished:
In the first month, the baby has the following features of motor skills - lying on his stomach, he tries to raise his head, and sometimes he even manages to keep it in this state for several seconds. In the first thirty days, the newborn will add about 600 grams to its original weight and grow by about 3 centimeters, the head circumference will increase by 1.5 - 2 centimeters.
<In the first month, it is very important to adjust the feeding of the child.
Obviously, the best food for him is mother's milk. In the first days of a child's life, the amount of milk in women gradually increases, but for some (especially primiparous) this increase is not enough. In this regard, the recommendations of doctors on the stimulation of lactation are relevant. One of the main ways to stimulate lactation is to apply the baby to the breast more often at the first sign of the baby's anxiety. This method is called "free feeding mode" or "feeding on demand." Thus, some mothers get 10-12 feedings per day.
It is important to put the nipple in the baby's mouth correctly.- it should capture the entire areola. It has been established that the main volume of breast milk is sucked out by the child during the first 5-10 minutes of feeding. However, there are children who get tired quickly, fall asleep at the breast, they must be encouraged to suck by lightly patting their cheeks, removing from their mouth and putting the nipple back in. When sucking, the baby swallows not only milk, but air also enters along with the nutrient fluid, from which the baby seeks to get rid of. Therefore, the procedure for regurgitation, when excess accumulated air is released, is very important. When breastfeeding, regurgitation is optimal every 5 minutes (or when changing breasts) and every 50 g when bottle fed. This is usually done in three ways - upright on your shoulder, face down on your lap, or in a seated position - and it's a good idea to try all three ways to see which one works best for you and your baby.
Bloating, intestinal cramps, colic- frequent companions of the first months of life even in practically healthy children. Home ways to help a child with these conditions: light massage of the tummy clockwise; vertical position in the hands of an adult or the so-called “skin-to-skin” contact - the baby is placed with his tummy on the bare chest of his mother, reclining in an armchair, covered with a blanket from above, his mother strokes him on the back; using a vent tube, laying the baby on the stomach for 3-5 minutes, taking plantex (which is based on dill). All these methods help prevent "colic" by helping to remove gases from the intestines.
A very important moment in the first weeks of a child's life is the healing of the umbilical wound. When discharged from the hospital at the usual time (fifth - seventh day), the umbilical wound does not have time to completely heal.
Traditionally, it is customary to treat the navel with a solution of brilliant green (brilliant green). And this should be done daily, until the wound becomes completely dry in the morning with the child's toilet and in the evening after daily bathing. Until the crust has fallen off, it is recommended to add a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate, an infusion of chamomile or St. John's wort to the water when bathing. The bathing water temperature is 37–37.5°C, the duration of bathing is no more than 5–7 minutes. If a child has discharge from the umbilical wound or redness and swelling of the umbilical ring, a doctor's consultation is needed. You should also consult a doctor if the crust from the umbilical wound does not fall off when the child reaches the age of 14-15 days.
mental development
The adaptation of the baby to the extrauterine environment is facilitated by congenital reflexes. Some of them disappear in the first months of life, others are transformed into acquired reflexes, reaching the level of consciousness. Such congenital reflexes as the reflex of sneezing, startling, blinking, yawning, knee-jerk reflexes remain in the baby for life. During the first month of life, a child has seven main reflexes:
- Prehensile- manifests itself during stroking or light touching of the child's palm. Reflexively, the baby grabs and holds everything that touches his palm.
- Search- the baby turns the head if they touch or stroke his cheek. This reflex is a necessary component of the instinct for food and nutrition.
- sucking- the baby has visible sucking movements of the lips, if you draw a finger or nipple around the mouth. The sucking reflex, like the search reflex, is strongly associated with the instinct of nutrition.
- Babinski's reflex- when running a finger along the outer edge of the foot, the toes diverge in different directions along with the turn of the foot.
- Mora reflex- a newborn spreads and brings his arms and legs together, reacting to a loud and sudden sound.
- Babkin's reflex- when pressing on the palm of the baby, he turns his head and opens his mouth.
- Swimming reflex- the baby makes movements similar to swimming, if you put him on his stomach.
- Walking reflex- the newborn makes movements that imitate walking, if you support him under the arms so that he touches any surface with his legs.
How do the sense organs develop during this period?
By the middle of the second week of life, many newborns are able to keep a moving object in sight, for example, a bright rattle with a diameter of about ten centimeters. If a bright toy is placed at a distance of 40-50 cm from the baby lying on his back and slowly moves it to the right and left, then the child fixes the toy with his eyes for a few seconds. A three-week-old baby is usually already able to fix more or less large fixed objects with his eyes, for example, the face of mom or dad. If you approach a newborn lying on his back at a distance of 40-50 cm and attract his attention by talking, and then shut up, remaining motionless, the baby will also freeze, carefully peering into your face. By the fourth week, the movements of the baby's eyeballs are already smoother and more coordinated.
Lyudmila Sergeevna Sokolova
Reading time: 29 minutes
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Article last updated: 05/25/2019
So a miracle happened - the long-awaited baby was born! Now mom and dad will need to go through a long and very interesting way of growing up and becoming a person.
What vaccinations are given at 1 month
All organs of the newborn in the first month begin to actively adapt to external life. The task of doctors and parents is to help the baby adapt, protect him from the risk of infection, and form immunity. Here are the vaccinations given in the first month:
- Against viral hepatitis - this vaccine is given in the maternity hospital in the first 12 hours,
- Against tuberculosis (BCG) - during the first 3-7 days,
- Repeatedly against hepatitis B - in 1 month.
Immunization calendar online
Create an individual vaccination schedule for your child using our calculator. You can quickly create a vaccination calendar for your child, for this, specify the date of birth of the child and click the "Display schedule" button.
Vaccination Schedule |
||
| Interval | Graft | Vaccine |
| Hepatitis B | ||
04.01.2019 — 08.01.2019 | Tuberculosis | BCG, BCG-M |
| Hepatitis B | Engerix B, Euwax B, Regevak B | |
| pneumococcal infection | Prevenar | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough | ||
| Polio | ||
| Hemophilus infection | Pentaxim, Act-HIB, Hiberix | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough | DTP, Pentaxim, Infanrix, Tetraxim | |
| pneumococcal infection | Prevenar | |
| Polio | Pentaxim, Imovax Polio, Poliorix, Tetraxim | |
| Hemophilus infection | Pentaxim, Act-HIB, Hiberix | |
| Hepatitis B | Engerix B, Euwax B, Regevak B | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough | DTP, Pentaxim, Infanrix, Tetraxim | |
| Polio | Pentaxim, Imovax Polio, Poliorix, Tetraxim | |
| Hemophilus infection | Pentaxim, Act-HIB, Hiberix | |
| Measles, rubella, mumps | Priorix, ZhKV, ZHPV | |
| Hepatitis B | Engerix B, Euwax B, Regevak B | |
| Pneumococcal infection (revaccination) | Pneumo 23, Prevenar | |
| Poliomyelitis (first booster) | Pentaxim, OPV, Imovax Polio, Poliorix, Tetraxim | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (first revaccination) | DTP, Pentaxim, Infanrix, Tetraxim | |
| Haemophilus influenzae (first revaccination) | Pentaxim, Act-HIB, Hiberix | |
| Poliomyelitis (second revaccination) | ||
| Measles, rubella, mumps (revaccination) | Priorix, ZhKV, ZHPV | |
01.01.2025 — 01.01.2026 | Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (second revaccination) | ADS-M Anatoxin |
| Tuberculosis (revaccination) | BCG | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (third revaccination) | ADS-M Anatoxin | |
| Poliomyelitis (third revaccination) | OPV, Imovax Polio, Poliorix | |
Which doctors visit per month
In the first month after discharge, the newborn should be visited 2 times by the district pediatrician and 4 times by the nurse. At 1 month old, the baby should be shown to the following doctors:
- ophthalmologist
- orthopedist,
- surgeon
- neurologist.
To exclude unwanted pathologies, it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound scan:
- brain,
- hip joints,
- abdomen,
- kidneys.
Often, all these procedures are carried out in the hospital before discharge. Starting from one month, parents should bring their child to the clinic for a monthly check-up. The baby is weighed, measured, basic reflexes are checked, the heart and lungs are listened to, and the tummy is felt.
Changes in the baby's body in 1 month
During the first month, the following main changes occur in the child's body:
If the crust from the umbilical wound does not disappear by 14–15 days, redness, swelling of the umbilical ring is observed, discharge appears, then you should consult a doctor.
The first month of a newborn's life: daily routine
Childbirth is stressful not only for the mother, but also for the baby. Most of the first month of his life, approximately 18-20 hours, the baby spends in a dream. He wakes up to eat, look around for a bit and goes back to sleep. It is due to this daily regimen that the newborn gains strength in order to please mom and dad with their activity after a little time. When a baby is not sleeping, he is eating.
Dream
There are three main types of sleep in a newborn baby:
- deep sleep - the child's eyes are closed, he breathes slowly and evenly, the baby's body is relaxed;
- shallow sleep - the child's breathing is uneven, rapid, under the eyelids the movement of the eyeballs is different, the arms and legs twitch;
- drowsy state - occurs during the feeding of the baby before the moment of falling asleep and is characterized by half-closed eyelids;
The newborn usually sleeps in the frog position, lying on his back, the arms are bent at the elbows and raised up, the legs are bent at the knees and moved apart to the sides.
Children at this age do not yet understand the time of day. To help the baby get used to the daily cycles, you can moderately control his sleep, not letting him sleep all day, wake the baby up for feeding and bathing procedures. Therefore, silence and darkness must be enforced at night. After a certain amount of time, the child will get used to the fact that the day is the time for activity, the night is the time for sound sleep.
Feeding a newborn
In the first month, the newborn should eat at least 8-9 times a day sucking for every feeding 60 ml milk. The baby is breastfed at the first sign of anxiety, this is called "free feeding" or "feeding on demand". More frequent attachment of the baby to the breast is also one of the main ways to stimulate lactation in mothers, especially in primiparas. In this way, it turns out 10-12 feedings per day.
When sucking, the baby should capture the entire areola. During the first 5-10 minutes of feeding, he usually sucks out the bulk of the milk. But some children quickly get tired and fall asleep, they need to be awakened by gently stroking their cheeks, taking out and putting the nipple back into their mouth.
When sucking along with milk, air is sure to get in, so regurgitation is necessary, it helps the baby get rid of the air accumulated in the stomach.
Spitting up should occur every 5 minutes when breastfeeding and every 50 g when bottle-fed. This is usually done in a vertical position on the mother's shoulder.
Why does a newborn lose weight
In the first days of life, the baby loses weight. Don't worry, this is a completely natural process. When a baby is born, his body contains excess fluid. At the time of birth, the child loses 8-10% of your body weight, only then its mass takes a stable value and begins to increase. Two weeks later, the child restores the body weight recorded when he was born.
Height and weight of a child at 1 month
A newborn in the first month eats well, gains weight and grows rapidly. Its weight increases by approximately 15-30 grams per day, and by the end of the first month the child is gaining about 600-800 grams. The growth of the baby in the first month increases by 2-3 centimeters, the girth of the head and chest - by 1.4 - 1.5 cm.
The norms of the physical development of a child of 1 month of life, see the graphs and tables:
Physical indicators of the development of girls and boys in 1 month:
The table shows the indicators of the norm of growth and weight of the child in 1 month. These are average values. Reasons why your baby's physical development may be very different from the norm:
- Incorrectly chosen method of feeding;
- Problems when feeding a child: his refusal to breastfeed, insufficient lactation of milk, allergies;
- Difficulties during pregnancy and childbirth: for example, a child was born prematurely;
- The presence of a disease in a child that affects the increase in height and weight;
- Heredity (in "small" parents, "large" children are extremely rarely born);
- Ecology;
- The mother has bad habits.
Monthly consultation meetings, which the mother is required to attend, allow specialists to observe changes in the growth and body weight of the baby, this will help parents get rid of unnecessary worries.
If you find significant deviations from the norm, contact your pediatrician to find out the reasons:
- If a child has gained less than average weight, they may not be eating well. In this case, the doctor will recommend adding formula to breastfeeding. If the baby is bottle-fed, it will correct the frequency and volume of milk substitutes.
- Do not rejoice if the baby has added much more than the norm. Subsequently, this can result in obesity and disruption of the normal functioning of organs and systems associated with excess weight! Your pediatrician will help you adjust your newborn baby's feeding schedule.
Abnormalities and colic
1. Increased, decreased muscle tone or asymmetry of muscle tone child: the pediatrician prescribes massage and exercises for the baby, we will talk about them below. In difficult cases, observation by a neurologist is required;
2. Jaundice: in some newborns, it does not go away by a month, in this case, a pediatrician's consultation is required;
3. Colic: bloating, intestinal spasms often occur in the first months in apparently healthy children. How to help a newborn baby with colic? The methods are simple: lightly stroking the tummy clockwise, using a vent tube, laying the baby on the stomach for 3-5 minutes, taking plantex, dill water. All these methods will help to remove gases from the baby's intestines;
4. Insufficient weight gain: it can be associated with both the lack of breast milk in the mother and the illnesses of the baby. In any of these cases, the child must be shown to the doctor.
Baby care at 1 month
Caring for a baby in the first month of his life involves the following procedures:
1. Hygiene procedures,
2. Bathing the baby,
3. Walking,
4. Massage and gymnastics.
Hygiene procedures
- washing the face, eyes, neck;
- washing, diaper change;
- care for eyes, nose, ears;
- daily treatment of the umbilical wound;
- combing and removing crusts on the head;
- cutting nails.
Bathing a newborn after birth
You yourself choose the mode of bathing your baby, we will only clarify that It is enough to bathe a newborn 2-3 times a week, on other days, you must definitely wipe your baby. Add decoctions of herbs of succession or chamomile to the water. Since the skin of the baby is very sensitive, carefully select soap for him, choose a baby soap with a minimum amount of fragrance.
Place the child very carefully in the water,given the high sensitivity of infants to temperature changes. Lowering into the water, start with the heels. If the child cries and is very worried at the first bath, the mother can try to take a bath with him: put the baby on her chest and carefully pour water on him.
You can let the child push off with the legs from the walls of the bath, or, holding the baby under the armpits, leaning forward and stimulating the walking reflex, let the child walk a few steps along the bottom.
Walking with a baby
A common question from parents is how long to walk with a newborn? The time of the first walks with a newborn is no more than 10-15 minutes and gradually increases to 30 minutes. If it is warm outside, then the duration of the walk can reach 1.5 - 2 hours. If the air temperature below 10 degrees or it’s raining, snowing or windy outside, it’s better to refrain from walking with a 1-2 month old baby.
Walks in the cold season should be limited, because. the system of heat exchange regulation in infants is imperfect and it is easy to harm the baby. When the weather is bad outside, you can simply take the dressed baby out to the balcony for a few minutes or leave him to sleep in the stroller with the window open.
Video on how to care for a newborn:
Massage, gymnastics and air baths
Periodically, the baby should lie on the stomach. This position of the baby minimizes the likelihood of constipation, activates the motor reflexes of the head and limbs. How to massage a baby at 1 month, see the next video Nikolai Nikonov- leading doctor and masseur of Russia.
So 2-3 weeks baby's life can be carried out with him air baths, hardening and massage. These procedures are successfully combined in one.
Watch the video for gymnastics instructions for a 1 month old baby:
For a couple of minutes we leave the child in one vest or completely undressed and covered with a diaper. At the same time, we begin to make light strokes with our hands on the arms, tummy, and legs of the child. Starting from 1-2 minutes, you can bring the duration of these procedures up to 5-7 minutes.
When changing your baby, try not to keep your hands cold, as 1-month-old babies are very sensitive to touch.
Exercises for the physical development of the baby:
- Let your baby lie on its back, take it by the handles and gently lift them up above your head, then just as smoothly lower it down, cross it on your chest and spread it apart. You can do it with baby's legs exercise bike. Do not be silent, hum a pleasant song at the same time.
- Turn the baby over on his tummy, put a toy in front of him and begin to slowly lift it up. This encourages the child to raise his head. You can lay the baby on your stomach and gently call him by name so that the baby raises his head and begins to look at you. Such exercises develop the muscles of the newborn.
- While bathing, gently touch your baby, accompanying this with a quiet song. After bathing, wrap the baby in a towel, hide your face behind the edge of it and then look out from behind him and say "ku-ku".
- Massage each finger on the legs and arms of the baby. Touch it with your hands, a piece of cotton wool, a soft brush and a terry or wool mitten.
How do the sense organs work in a newborn?
How a 1 month old baby sees
The eyeball by the first month of life already has formed qualities. However, the visual function has not yet reached its full development. Tears in a baby begin to form only by the third or fourth week. For most children at this age, a slight oscillation of the eyeball and slight strabismus are characteristic. Do not worry too much about this, this phenomenon is justified by the incomplete development of the visual function and will soon pass.
Parents ask - when does a child begin to see? The newborn sees objects blurry and fuzzy. A one-month-old baby clearly distinguishes objects located at a distance about 60 cm from his eyes. It is at this distance that he sees the face of mom or dad well, recognizes them, begins to react with facial expressions and try to make sounds. He will also notice the bright toys that hang in his crib.
A newborn baby begins to see and recognize the face of mom or dad at 1 month at a distance of 60 cm from his eyes
The baby needs help to develop vision. To do this, you need to take the child in your arms more often or lean over him so that he can clearly see the faces of his parents, examine and memorize individual facial features. Do not be lazy to play with him, showing colored rattles.
By the end of the first month of his life, the baby can already follow the slowly moving toy near his face with his eyes. These are his very first games.
Just do not tire the baby, take a few minutes a day for such games, this is quite enough for his age.
Exercises for the development of vision:
- Sew a rubber band to a small toy and hang it over your baby. Make the toy jump up and down in front of the child. Very soon, the baby will not only look at the jumping toy, but also try to grab it with its handles.
- Put a bright towel on your shoulder during feeding, the baby will begin to look from your face to this bright object.
- To better focus , do the following: show the baby a large toy at a distance 25 - 30 cm, wait for the baby to fix his eyes on her, and slowly move the toy to the side. Try to keep the baby's eyes focused on the subject. You can smoothly move the toy first horizontally, then vertically and, finally, in a circle.
- The same exercise can be done with a rattle, additionally making soft sounds. Do the exercise 1-2 times a day for 2 minutes for an occupation.
How newborns hear at 1 month
The first few weeks of a baby's life are filled with completely new sounds for him. Since the newborn has not yet learned to detect the place where the sound comes from, his natural reaction is to freeze. However, when the child suddenly hears the parent's voice, he immediately stops crying.
At the age of one month, the baby already distinguishes sounds well and turns his head towards the source of the sound. Try to rattle a rattle to the side - the baby will definitely turn his head in this direction. Kids of this age love quiet, pleasant sounds, but the most favorite, of course, is their mother's voice. The child reacts especially actively to the mother's voice and is able to feel her mood by timbre. If the mother speaks kindly and calmly, the baby likes it very much, he expresses his emotions with active movements of the legs and arms, various sounds.
At the age of 1 month you can see the first smile of the baby. More often it is addressed to the mother as the most beloved person. If the mother is annoyed or offended, the baby also feels her emotional state and may cry or act up.
The child's hearing needs to be developed and trained. To do this, you need to talk with the baby more often, sing songs to him, read books. Be sure to include all family members. It is good if the crumbs have older brothers and sisters. Communication with them should occur from the very first days of life. Turn on soft and calm music, let the TV work during the day. A newborn needs to get used to different sounds, just avoid too loud and unpleasant sounds so as not to scare him.
Hearing exercises:
Up to 10 minutes a day, you can include classical music or recordings of various musical instruments for your newborn.
- Place the baby in the crib with 3-4 large toys and a pleasant melody. Periodically put the baby on a developmental mat.
- Talk to the baby more often and try to make the baby see your facial expressions at the same time - this stimulates the child's hearing and speech development. The baby will quickly begin to respond with a conscious smile in response to his mother's affectionate speech.
- Start reading nursery rhymes to your baby - this develops the crumbs' hearing and sense of rhythm. You can change the words in any song to your taste.
- If you tie a bell to the baby's booties, then during the movements the baby will hear the ringing and listen to it.
- When the baby is in the crib, and you are moving around the room, do not forget to talk to him. This stimulates both the baby's hearing and his vision at the same time.
Smell of the baby
The baby is also able to distinguish smells. He remembers his mother by the smell of her body, and finds her breasts by the smell of milk. Children of this age love sweet smells.
To stimulate the baby's sense of smell, you can dip a cotton ball in mint or vanilla water so that the space around the baby is filled with this aroma and he breathes it.
Baby speech
A month old baby is already trying to "walk" and pronounce individual sounds. Most of these are vowels.
He “talks” in a good mood when he is full and his mother is nearby. At this age, the baby expresses his desires and needs by crying.
Very soon, by the timbre of crying, mom will learn to distinguish when the baby is hungry, sick, you need to change diapers, or he just wants to be in his arms.
How newborns behave in the first month - baby reflexes
Reflexes are the body's response to a variety of stimuli. In the first month of life, the child still has unconditioned reflexes that help him adapt to life outside the womb. Over time, reflexes are lost.
Parents should carefully observe every reflex of their child, because at the moment it is the only means of communication between the baby and this world.
How to know if your child is in pain:
- If the child feels discomfort or is in pain, he will report this with screams and intense movements of the limbs.
- Numerous studies have been able to prove that with pain, the child bends his toes, and unbends his thumbs on his hands.
- When colic begins, the baby will do active manipulations of the lower limbs.
- If suddenly the baby experiences discomfort associated with the ears, he will begin to vigorously turn his head.
If parents are attentive to their child and learn to understand his every movement, this greatly simplifies the life of the whole family.
A pediatrician should examine congenital reflexes during patronage, as well as when visiting a clinic at the age of 1 month.
How to test a child's reflexes
Preparation:
- Checking reflexes is carried out in favorable conditions for the newborn: the room should be warm and the child should lie on a flat surface.
- The baby should be fed, calm, in clean diapers, so that nothing distracts him.
- Mom's hands should be smooth and warm, jewelry on the fingers and long nails should not interfere with the study.
If all conditions are met, the assessment of reflexes will be adequate.
Checking the child's reflexes
Physically healthy monthly babies should have all the basic reflexes:
- Sucking. Touch the baby's mouth with the pacifier or the tip of a clean finger. The baby will try to grab the object and begin to make mouth movements that mimic sucking. This reflex is called the "sucking reflex", it begins to appear almost immediately after birth. As soon as the baby is born, it is applied to the mother's breast and unconsciously the newborn begins to suck on the breast.
- Prehensile. If you put your finger or a light rattle in the child's palm, you can see how he firmly grabs and holds the object in his tiny palm for some time.
- Protective. Lay your baby on his tummy and watch his head move. A healthy baby will immediately turn his head to the side to breathe normally. Pediatricians call this reflex "protective." If the baby has neurological disorders, then he will not be able to turn his head to the side. The condition is dangerous because the baby can bury his nose in the surface on which he lies and suffocate.
- crawling reflex. In the tummy position, place your palms on the baby's feet. Feeling the support, he will try to push off and make a movement, as if he wants to crawl.
- Automatic walking reflex. Holding the child in the armpits, place him with his legs on a flat, hard surface and lean forward slightly. The baby will begin to take steps on his own with his legs.
- Search. If you stroke the baby on the cheek, he turns his head, this is how his instinct for searching for food or the “search reflex” is expressed.
- Babinsky reflex. We easily draw a finger along the outer edge of the foot, the toes on the baby's feet spread apart in different directions, the feet turn.
- Mora reflex. Hearing a sudden loud sound, the child spreads and brings the arms and legs together.
- Babkin's reflex. With light pressure on the palm, the child opens his mouth and turns his head.
- Swimming. If you put the baby on his stomach, he begins to make swimming movements.
If you notice that some of your child's reflexes are missing, contact your doctor immediately! This may indicate the presence of diseases from the nervous system.
Video of Dr. Komarovsky on this topic:
What should a child be able to do at 1 month
At different stages of his life, the baby will make new progress, which parents should carefully monitor. It would seem that a child at 1 month old can, except how to suckle and sleep? In fact, for his young age, he already knows how to do a lot. A month-old baby is a little man who understands a lot and requires a lot of attention and care from relatives.
Here is a list of what a baby should be able to do at 1 month:
- Recognize the mother's voice, turn towards the sounds.
- Try to pronounce sounds, "walk".
- Smile.
- Grab an adult's finger or a small toy.
- Lying on your stomach, raise your head and hold it for a few seconds.
- Recognize the mother's face, follow the bright objects moving near his face.
The listed skills are an indicator of the correct development of a monthly baby.
Read more:
The neonatal period is over and the baby has already settled into a new world for him. What did the child learn in the first month of life, what skills did he begin to possess, and how can parents contribute to the further development of a 1-month-old baby?
Physical development at 1 month
The average weight gain of a one-month-old baby compared to birth weight is considered to be 600 grams. The growth of the baby for the first month increases by an average of three centimeters.
These are average indicators and the development of each baby individually, however, there are limits to the norm, beyond which the child should be examined by a doctor.
The physical indicators of the development of a one-month-old baby are presented in the following table.
What can the baby do?
Here are the skills that a baby masters by 1 month of age:
- Holding the head. The baby, being in a position on the tummy, can raise his head and hold it for up to 5 seconds.
- Gaze fixation. The child peers not only at stationary objects and the face of an adult, but also at moving objects, if they are large and bright.
- The development of vision. The baby can already distinguish between red, black, yellow and white, as well as cells and lines. In addition, a baby at 1 month already recognizes his mother.
- Reaction to sound. When a baby hears a loud or sharp sound, he flinches or freezes. Sometimes the sound frightens the baby so much that it causes the baby to cry.
- Cooing. You will hear sounds similar to “gu” or “ha” from a month old peanut, so this first speech of a baby is also called cooing.
About what a baby should be able to do at 1 month, see the next video by Nikolai Nikonov, a leading doctor and massage therapist in Russia.
Can a baby smile?
A conscious smile is one of the most enjoyable skills that a child masters in the first month of life. The more often a mother smiles at her baby, the sooner she will see a charming smile in return. In addition, the smile will be accompanied by other manifestations of the baby's revival - the child will move his legs and arms, as well as walk.
Note that you can see how a newborn smiles from the first days of life, but the first smiles of a baby are involuntary. At first, mom will notice that the baby smiles in a dream, a little later - when bathing or after feeding. These are all variants of a physiological smile. But closer to 1 month, the baby's smile has social content. She becomes a response to contact with her mother or another loved one.
Care
Mom needs to always be close to the baby and immediately respond to the needs of the baby.
Take the baby in your arms more often, not forgetting to support your head, talk to the little one and do not worry that in this way you will accustom the baby to your hands and grow up an egoist. On the contrary, studies have shown that babies who are picked up less frequently by their mothers cry more often and for longer periods of time in an attempt to get their mother's attention. If the baby knows that mom is always there, then he will not scream again.
Baby care at 1 month includes the following actions:
- Hygiene procedures - washing, caring for the ears and eyes, washing, cutting nails, combing.
- Bathing.
- Walks in the open air.
- Massage.
- Air baths.
When changing your baby, make sure your hands are not cold or wet, as 1 month old babies are very sensitive to tactile sensations.
How to promote development?
Since the periods of wakefulness in a 1-month-old baby are still very small, the mother should correctly allocate time so that she can communicate with the baby, and carry out hygiene procedures, and massage, and swim in the bath, and take a minute to develop the baby. The well-being of the mother is also important, so it is necessary to take time for a good rest during the baby’s sleep.
A 1-month-old child studies surrounding objects, both immovable and moving, as well as the sounds of the world around. What developmental activities are available at this age? Firstly, communication with the baby for the development of his emotional and mental sphere. Secondly, stimulation of vision, tactile receptors and hearing of the child. And, thirdly, helping to keep the head, for which the baby is often laid out on the tummy and held in a column.
Here are some actions that will help in the development of a monthly baby:
- To help your baby focus show the baby a large toy, wait for the baby to look at it, and then slowly move it aside, ensuring that the baby's eyes remain focused on the toy.
- Repeat the same steps with the rattle, which makes noises. Do this with the crumbs 1-2 times a day for up to 2 minutes in one session.
- You can also play classical music for your little one. or recordings of various musical instruments. Let the baby listen to music for up to 10 minutes daily.
- Hang a mobile with large toys in the crib(3-4 pieces) and a pleasant melody. You can also lay out the crumbs on a developing mat.
- Talk to your little one constantly. And do it so that the baby sees your facial expressions. So you will stimulate both the child's hearing and the development of the baby's speech. In response to his mother's affectionate speech, the baby will quickly begin to respond with a revival complex and a conscious smile.
Let not only mom, but also dad play with the baby, because they have different communication with the baby, which allows the baby to absorb the best from each of them.
Games in 1 month
For physical development:
- Laying the baby on the back, take the child by the arms, lift them up behind the head, then lower them down, then cross them on the chest and spread them apart. With the legs of the crumbs, you can imitate the movement on a bicycle. During such gymnastics, sing a pleasant song.
- After placing the baby on his tummy, show him the toy and lift it up, stimulating the baby to raise his head. You can also lay the baby on your stomach and call the baby by name so that the baby raises his head and starts looking at your face. Such exercises will improve the development of his muscles.
- Gently touch the baby while bathing, accompanying such a light massage with a quiet song. After bathing the baby, wrap the baby in a towel, hiding your face behind its edge, then look out from behind the towel and say "coo-coo."
For the development of vision:
- Make a kind of "doll" out of a paper plate. To do this, draw a face and attach a handle to the plate so that it can be held and moved. Show the “doll” to the baby from a distance of 25 cm and wait for the baby to start following the plate.
- Lean over the baby so that his gaze is fixed on your face, and then slowly move to the side. The baby will follow you by turning his head.
- You need to sew an elastic band to a small toy and hang the toy over the child. Then make the toy on the elastic "jump" up and down in front of the baby. Soon the child will not only look at the jumping toy, but also try to grab it with his hands.
- Show the baby a bright toy at a distance of 30 cm from his face, then slowly move the object horizontally. Noticing that the child is looking at the toy, then move it vertically, and finally move the object in a circle.
- Place a colorful scarf or towel over your shoulder while nursing. The baby will look from your face to this bright object.
For the development of other senses:
- Read nursery rhymes to your baby to develop your baby's hearing and sense of rhythm. You can introduce your baby to your favorite rhymes or come up with your own. You can take any song as a basis and change the words in it to your taste.
- Tie a bell to the baby booties. During the movements of the legs, the baby will hear the ringing and listen to it.
- When the baby is in the crib, talk to the baby as you move around the room. This will stimulate both the baby's hearing and vision at the same time.
- Gently massage each finger on the baby's legs and arms. Touch the baby not only with your hands, but also with a piece of cotton wool, a soft brush, a mitten made of terry, woolen or other fabric.
- Dip cotton balls in mild scented liquids such as mint or vanilla eau de toilette. By letting your baby sniff such a ball, you will stimulate the baby's sense of smell.
Massage also contributes to the development of the child. For information on how to do it correctly, see the next video by Nikolai Nikonov.
Water activities
Among the activities that stimulate the development of a 1-month-old baby, one can also name swimming. It can be carried out both in the pool (under the supervision of an instructor) and in the bath at home. Thanks to exercises in the water, the baby will be stimulated by the vestibular apparatus. For swimming, get your baby a special inflatable ring that supports the baby under the neck.
During the first month of life, the baby adapts to new conditions of existence outside the mother's womb. The child trains the muscular apparatus, twists his arms and legs, gradually ceases to take the position of the embryo. The baby reports his emotional state by crying or smiling. Today we will tell you what a child should be able to do at 1 month old and what difficulties parents may face in the first weeks after the birth of a baby.
Growth and development of a child of 1 month of life
In a month, the baby grows rapidly, eats well and gains weight. Over the last week of his life, his body length increased by an average of 1.2 cm, and body weight by 250-270 g (based on WHO data). The lower weight limit for male babies at 1 month is 3.6 kg, the upper limit is 6 kg. For girls, the figures are slightly lower: these are 3.5 kg (lower limit) and 4.6 kg (upper limit). Head circumference increases by about 1.5 cm per month.
Table of indicators of child development at 1 month
If the weight or height of a month-old baby is significantly different from the norm, then the following factors may be the reasons:
- the chosen method of feeding (breast / artificial feeding);
- the presence of problems when feeding the baby (children's refusal to breastfeed, allergies, insufficient lactation of milk);
- features of the course of pregnancy and the process of childbirth (for example, a child was born prematurely);
- the presence of a disease in the child that affects the parameters of growth / weight;
- heredity;
- ecology (the presence of bad habits in the mother, dangerous environmental factors).
Physical development of a child at 1 month
The first weeks of a child's life can be called a period of adaptation to independent life outside the mother's womb. Consider the most basic features of the physical development of a child that occur in the body of a baby at the age of one month.
- After the birth, the baby's circulatory system is rebuilt. There is an intensive blood supply to the liver and brain.
- The immune system learns to produce specific immunoglobulins to fight infections.
- The kidneys adequately perform their first functions, but even before six months they will be immature, and only after this time will they begin to fully function.
- The respiratory system of the baby provides the tissues of the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
- The movements of the child become more and more confident: he can already smoothly bring the pen to his mouth or his face.
- On the nose, cheeks and forehead of the baby, white "grains of sand" disappear - milia, which could be observed in the child after his birth.
- Lying on his stomach, the baby turns his head and briefly tries to raise it from the surface, about 45 degrees. Some babies are able to keep their head at a right angle and turn it a little for a month. The most active babies at this age make attempts to raise their heads while lying on their backs.
- The wedge-shaped and posterior fontanelles on the child's head begin to tighten. This is a very slow process and it will take at least a few more weeks for them to close. The large fontanel usually closes later, taking about a year to ossify.
- The skin of the crumbs in the first month continues to peel a little, especially between the fingers. She is no longer as dry as she was after birth. If necessary, you can moisturize the baby's skin with special hypoallergenic baby milk or cream marked 0+.
- An important indicator of the health of the crumbs is the favorable healing of the umbilical wound. At the age of one month, it is covered with a crust and does not bleed. In the process of caring for a baby, the mother should monitor the condition of the navel, treat it with hydrogen peroxide or brilliant green, and add a weak solution of potassium permanganate to the bathing water for disinfection.
Examinations of a child at 1 month
After discharge from the maternity hospital, the child is visited by the district pediatrician or nurse. They take care of newborns. During the first 4 weeks, the doctor will visit the baby at least 2 times, and the nurse - 4 times.
From the moment the child turns one month old, parents must come with him to the pediatrician's clinic for a monthly checkup. The doctor will assess the general condition of the crumbs, check for the presence of basic reflexes, feel the tummy, listen to the lungs and heart. In addition, the pediatrician weighs the baby, measures the length of his body, chest and head circumference.
Also, a 1-month-old baby should be examined:
- neurologist;
- ophthalmologist;
- orthopedist;
- surgeon.
If no additional examinations were carried out at the maternity hospital, then the child needs to undergo several more important studies - an ultrasound of the brain (helps to see the structure of the baby's brain), an ultrasound of the hip joints (necessary to exclude joint dysplasia), as well as an ultrasound of the abdominal organs and kidneys (for detection / exclusion of the presence of violations in the structure of internal organs at an early stage).
As for vaccinations, a child is given a second vaccination against viral hepatitis B a month (the first vaccination is given to newborns in the first 24 hours after birth).
First achievements: what a one-month-old baby can do
| Speech | Expresses discomfort by crying. Sometimes the baby makes arbitrary separate posterior lingual sounds "k", "g". |
| Hearing | Starts at a sudden sharp sound. Can briefly focus on adult voices and cradle sounds. |
| Vision | From the bright light squints, while turning his eyes to its source. Fixes the gaze on an immovable object. Makes the first attempts to track objects moving within its visibility. |
| Emotions | A baby at 1 month of life still sleeps quite a lot, waking up only to satisfy hunger or when you feel a wet diaper. during wakefulness, he opens his mouth when mom or dad affectionately turns to him. |
| Motor skills | The movements of the arms and legs are slow and chaotic. Lying on his stomach, the baby raises his head for a few seconds and tries to hold it. |
Motor activity and emotional development at 1 month
The development of the baby occurs every minute: both in the moments of wakefulness and sleep; when feeding, walking and bathing. But first of all, the child develops when communicating with his mother. The baby already knows how to recognize her, he hears his mother's voice, knows her intonation and is sensitive to all touches. If we trace the development of the child in the first month of life, then he can note the acquired reactions and skills:
- hears and identifies the mother's voice among the other voices of adults;
- can spend a short time lying on his stomach, while raising his head and trying to keep it in that position;
- begins to study the faces of relatives, tries to “keep up” with his eyes after his mother or a moving rattle;
- can determine the difference between light and twilight: from bright light, the baby squints his eyes and turns his eyes to its source;
- listens to mother's voice or to the sounds of music, but not for long;
- during wakefulness, the baby makes the first sounds, among them groaning, sniffling;
- at this age, the child prefers a sweetish taste, so he drinks breast milk with pleasure. But if the mother ate something sour, bitter or salty, the taste of milk will change and the baby may show dissatisfaction with crying;
- the feelings of the baby during this period are contrasting - the child is either “very good”, and he spends this time in a dream and calmness, or he is emotionally “very bad”, and then he bursts into tears.
Development of a one-month-old baby - mom's experience (video):
Mental development of the baby in the first month
Psychomotor development in each child from the cradle takes place at its own pace. Here is an approximate list of achievements of a healthy baby in the first month of life:
- lying on his back makes randomly isolated flexion and extension of the arms and legs;
- looks at the source of light;
- fixes for a short time a glance on the face of an adult;
- tries to follow a bright object (or face) slowly moving at a distance of 20-40 cm;
- blinks and / or flinches when a sharp sound occurs;
- listens to the ringing of the bell.
On a note! If your baby currently knows less than his peers, but at the same time his skills fit into age norms, mom should not have any reason to worry.
Reflexes of a healthy baby of the 1st month of life
Reflex pediatricians call the body's response to a variety of stimuli. Parents can independently check how their child develops in the first month and compare the result with generally established standards. In physically strong and healthy newborn babies, as well as monthly babies, the following reflexes are observed:
- grasping - the child tightly squeezes the fist when an adult touches his palm;
- sucking - the baby actively sucks the breast, bottle or nipple;
- protective - raises and turns the head to one side when laying out on the tummy;
- support reflex - if an adult supports the baby, he leans with his legs on the changing table;
- crawling reflex - in the prone position makes attempts to crawl.
Important! If any reflex is completely or partially absent in an infant, the doctor can conclude that there are disorders in the functioning of the nervous system and their severity.
Neurological problems at 1 month - a cause for concern?
It often happens that alarming symptoms detected by a doctor in the first weeks of a child's life disappear without a trace after a while. This is due to the fact that the child's nervous system has plasticity and the ability to self-heal. That is why the results of one inspection cannot be considered decisive. A neurological diagnosis in the first month can be discussed only after a series of visits to a specialist and brain examinations, including:
- Ultrasound - for babies is carried out through the fontanel and helps to assess the structure of the brain, as well as to identify gross problems.
- EEG (electroencephalography) - in the process, the electrical activity of the brain is recorded. The method is mainly used to diagnose seizures/epilepsy in infants.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - according to the results of this examination, even small and “deeply hidden” defects can be detected;
- CT (computed tomography) - the method examines in detail the functions and structure of the baby's central nervous system.
Attention! If it seems to the mother that her child is really lagging behind in psychomotor development, she should immediately, without wasting time, sign up for an unscheduled neurological appointment.
Monthly baby care: daily routine, gymnastics, massage
The regime with alternating sleep, wakefulness and feeding will be established in a healthy child independently in accordance with his physiology. Do not worry if the baby did not fall asleep on time, as it might seem. Biorhythms in newborns are debugged, so the mother can only try to understand and maintain the rhythm of her child. By studying the behavior of the child in a state of rest and anxiety, it becomes easy for parents to recognize the "demands" of their baby.
Feeding
A healthy child during the first month of life eats at least 8-9 times a day, drinking 60 ml of milk for each meal. Frequent attachment of the baby to the breast is the main way to stimulate lactation. Mothers who practice breastfeeding get 10-12 feedings per day. At the first sign of a baby's anxiety, breastfeed the baby. This method is called on-demand feeding, or, in other words, “free feeding mode”.
Important! Children per month should be fed only with breast milk, except when milk is objectively not enough, or the pediatrician recommended supplementing the baby with a mixture. Also, the child should be offered warm boiled water with a temperature of up to 36 degrees, especially in the hot season.
Dream
The first month of life, the child spends most of the day in a dream - about 18-20 hours.
In infants during this period of life, there are five states in which the baby may be:
- deep sleep - the child is relaxed, eyes are closed, breathing slowly and evenly;
- shallow sleep - the child has uneven breathing, noticeably quickened, twitching of the arms and legs is observed, one can distinguish the movement of the eyeballs under the eyelids;
- drowsiness - occurs most often during feeding a child or before falling asleep, characterized by half-closed eyelids;
- wakefulness - makes movements with the whole body, is active, twists arms and legs;
- crying - indicates the discomfort that the baby feels. May be caused by hunger, fear, or a wet diaper.
Bathing and hygiene procedures
Hygiene procedures for a child per month are carried out daily and include:
- washing the face, eyes, neck;
- washing, diaper change;
- care for eyes, nose, ears;
- daily treatment of the umbilical wound;
- combing and removing crusts on the head;
- cutting nails.
The parents choose the bathing regimen for the baby on their own, since the condition of the skin of the crumbs does not require a full daily bathing in the bath. Be sure to carry out daily wiping the body. Bathing in the full sense is enough a week only 2-3 times. In water for softening, you can add decoctions of herbs - chamomile and succession. The use of solid / liquid soap is also determined individually, based on the sensitivity of the baby's skin.
walks
Walking is important for the health and full growth of the baby in the first month of life. The first breath of fresh air the child takes on leaving the hospital. The duration and frequency of daily walks with parents in the first month depends entirely on the time of year and the temperature outside.
- The first walks with the baby take only 10-15 minutes, the subsequent duration of being on the street increases gradually to half an hour.
- In the warm season, the duration of the walk can reach 1.5-2 hours.
- In the cold season, when the air temperature is below 10 degrees, as well as in case of strong wind, rain, snowfall, it is not recommended to walk with the child for the first 2 months of life.
On a note! The system of heat exchange regulation in infants of this age is imperfect, therefore, the issue of walking in the cold season must be approached with all seriousness. When there is bad weather outside, it makes sense to take a dressed baby out for a few minutes to breathe clean air on the balcony or arrange for him to sleep in a stroller with an open window.
Gymnastics and massage
From about the second or third week of a baby's life, it is worth starting to carry out air baths with him, as well as hardening and massage.
Gymnastics for a baby in 1 month of life (video instruction):
These procedures can be successfully combined in one procedure. To begin with, the child can be left for a couple of minutes in one light vest or undress and cover with a diaper. At the same moment, begin to make light, barely perceptible stroking with your hands all over the child's body - arms, tummy, legs. Massage is not only strengthening, but also developing an affordable means for the muscles of a one-month-old baby. In subsequent times, it is necessary to massage a little longer in time - 5-7 minutes. If the baby calmly tolerates your touch and does not show dissatisfaction, you can include massage in the daily restorative procedure.
