Temperament and hobbies of the child

Temperament is a very stable characteristic, it is given to a person at birth and only slightly changes in the course of his life and work. It gives originality to the behavior of the child and manifests itself in stability. emotional states, at the usual speed of movement. But you can’t refer to temperament if the child violates the rules of behavior, shows aggression towards the people around him, animals, objects, does not listen to adults, etc. Only education makes him polite or rude, friendly or fighter, obedient or capricious.

Hippocrates distinguished four types of temperament - sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic. However, in their pure form, they are rare, each person only gravitates towards one of them. During life, under the influence of social influence, upbringing, lifestyle, health, manifestations of temperament can be smoothed out. In children, the signs of temperament are more distinct, they are easy to see if you observe the behavior of the child for some time.

Let's talk in detail about each type of temperament. Let's talk about activities that are comfortable for children, taking into account temperament.

sanguine

This is a lively, inquisitive, mobile, cheerful child. He is emotionally stable, not touchy, easily survives failures. He knows how to quickly establish contacts, loves collective events.

Proper upbringing will form in the child an active attitude to learning, purposefulness.

Such a child is suitable for mobile, active activities. You can choose sports, dancing. Classes can be both individual and in a group, in a team. Perhaps, due to his activity, the child will be interested in many types of activities, he will want to engage in several circles and studios at once. Let him do it, let him move from one section to another. The more skills he masters, the more inclinations will receive incentives for development. A deeper immersion in the chosen activity may occur in subsequent years - in adolescence, youth.

Phlegmatic person

This is a calm and unhurried baby. He thoroughly thinks through his actions, shows perseverance in achieving the goal. It is difficult for him to quickly navigate the situation, he does not like change, he prefers stability, he remembers the acquired knowledge and skills for a long time. His mood is stable, he rarely loses his temper, communicates with pleasure with adults and peers around him.

Education can form in a phlegmatic child such qualities as perseverance, perseverance. He is suitable for activities that require painstaking and patience. If the child has a good ear for music, you can offer him music lessons. If he has an interest in drawing, modeling, appliqué - engage in artistic creativity with him.

Such a child may not like activities that require speed, instant reaction, quick adaptation. Therefore, of all kinds sports activities choose calm. These are swimming, ballroom and sports dancing. There, the skill is formed by repeated repetition and individual work with a trainer.

Team games - football, handball, basketball, contact types sports - boxing, fencing will not bring satisfaction to the phlegmatic, since they require speed of reaction, the ability to understand a partner and an opponent and make an instant decision.

Choleric

A choleric child is characterized by unbalance, excitability, speed of action, movements. It lights up quickly and also cools down quickly. Especially uncomfortable for him will be painstaking, monotonous, long-term activity. In communicating with peers, he strives to be a leader, often a source of conflict.

With the right upbringing, very important qualities are formed in a choleric child: activity, initiative, dedication, organizational and communication skills.

For a child with a choleric temperament, intensive, but not very long classes are suitable, where there is an opportunity to communicate with peers or compete with an opponent. Passionate, risk-averse nature will feel at ease on the football field, volleyball or basketball court, on the bike path. A choleric child will “light up” on the dance floor, in a musical group - where a powerful and short-term release of energy is required.

Activities that require painstaking, thoroughness, for example - drawing, modeling, embroidery, beading, can quickly get bored with such a child. A severe test for a choleric child will be loneliness, lack of communication with peers.

melancholic

In children with a melancholic type of temperament, activity proceeds slowly, while they quickly get tired. If the child is urged, the actions slow down even more. Slowly, but for a long time, the child is immersed in one or another emotional experience. Bad mood will not be fleeting, the sadness that has arisen surprises adults with its depth, strength, duration. The child is anxious in an unfamiliar environment, shy strangers, avoids numerous contacts with peers.

In the process of education, melancholic children develop softness, responsiveness, sincerity.

For such a child, calm activities in comfortable conditions. Melancholic children enjoy reading books, watching educational programs, films, they love to observe the nature around them, to explore it.

Their deep feelings and experiences can be revealed in artistic, literary creativity.

Let's summarize:

• Temperament is an innate quality, don't try to fight it. Try to understand it and take it into account when choosing activities for your child.
• There are no "bad" temperaments. Rudeness, aggressiveness, selfishness, a low level of culture are the result of poor upbringing.
• Choose activities according to the inclinations of the child, his behavior. Consider the strength and speed of the child's reactions, stability and change of emotions, activity and fatigue, the need for communication.
• Parents should not only expand the horizons of the baby, but also develop his abilities, expanding ideas about various types activities. It is important to offer the child those activities that suit him in terms of temperament, according to his abilities. Such activities will form his interests, inclinations, help overcome uncertainty and fear.

To determine the child's temperament, use the questions that are presented in the "Diagnosis of abilities and interests" section. They will help to see in the behavior of the child signs of a type of temperament.

Diagnosis of the type of temperament of a preschooler

Have your child answer 12 questions. You must answer either "yes" or "no".

First, the answers to questions No. 1-6 are analyzed, then - No. 7-12. If the child finds it difficult to answer the question, or his answer is not true, adults can answer questions instead of the child, based on their observations of his behavior.

1. Do you like to visit more than stay at home?
2. Do you like to play with guys more than by yourself?
3. Do you like to play outside more than at home?
4. Do you like going to kindergarten?
5. Can you speak first to children you don't know?
6. Do you like running games more than calm ones?

After the child answered these questions, count the number of positive answers. For each positive answer, 1 point is given. The more positive answers in the child's test, the more this child is open to the outside world, new information, the more he is interested in external circumstances, the more sociable he is (extroversion). The fewer positive answers, the more the child is concentrated on himself, his feelings, sensations, experiences. He does not feel a special need for frequent and active communication (introversion).

So, the smallest number of positive answers indicates that a person is closer to introversion, the largest - to extraversion.

Interpretation of results

1 point - introversion is pronounced.

The child has a very narrow social circle, does not seek to acquire new friends. He only lets close people into his inner world. He is low-energy, slow in his actions.

2-3 points - moderate introversion.

This child also does not feel a special need for communication (the circle of friends is limited), but can communicate if it is necessary in some situation. He does not participate in group activities. It is distinguished by an even mood, emotions are restrained.

4-5 points - moderate extraversion.

The child does not experience difficulties in communication, easily establishes contacts with strangers. Willingly participates in group activities. Too strong emotional reactions can restrain, slow down.

6 points - significant extraversion.

The child is sociable, has a large circle of friends. He strives for contacts, including with new people. Likes to play, walk with peers. The child is active, strives for new experiences, can give vent to feelings.

Let's move on to the next questions.

7. When you draw and someone is looking at you, does it bother you?
8. Do you get offended when teased?
9. Do you often wake up at night?
10. Do you often get sick?
11. Are you afraid to be alone at home?
12. When you are pushed, do you push too?

For each positive answer, 1 point is given. The more positive answers in the test of the child, the more sensitive he is, the more prone to experiences (emotional instability). The fewer positive answers, the more nervous system more resistant to stress (emotional stability). Emotional instability can also be accompanied by poor health.

So, the smallest number of positive answers indicates that a person is closer to emotional stability, the largest - to emotional instability.

Interpretation of results

1 point - high emotional stability.

The child is distinguished by equanimity, because of trifles he is not upset. He is restrained in communication, in behavior, controls his actions.

2-3 points - average emotional stability.

The child is emotionally stable, the behavior is calm, laid-back. He understands reality well, willingly obeys the rules, group norms.

4-5 points - emotional instability.

The behavior of the child largely depends on the current state: in a calm state, he is balanced, in an excited state he can react violently. Impulsiveness, irascibility, aggression are possible.

6 points - very high emotional instability.

The child is anxious, emotionally excitable. In behavior and actions, he is often guided by impulses. Reactions to events may be inadequate: the strength of the reaction often does not match the strength of the stimulus. In a state of fatigue, resentment reacts violently, angrily. To determine the type of temperament of the child, you can use the "Eysenck circle".

On the horizontal axis, mark the sum of points on the scale "introversion - extraversion" (questions 1-6), and on the vertical axis - the sum of points on the scale "stability - instability" (questions 7-12). Having marked both points on the axes, draw a perpendicular from each to the point of intersection. In the sector where the lines intersect, the child's temperament is indicated. The farther the point is from the center, the more pronounced are the features of one of the four types of temperament. If the point turned out to be close to one of the two axes, then the child is characterized by the features of two types of temperament.

Prepared based on the site www.vashechudo.ru

Ekaterina Mikhailovna Pashkina

Chief Physician of the Central Clinical Hospital of Omsk

Reading time: 5 minutes

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Article last updated: 05/12/2019

In order to have initial views about the peculiarities of children's temperament, it is not at all necessary to be a professional psychologist. Observing the behavior of your baby, already from the first months of life it becomes clear what traits will prevail in his character - modesty or exactingness, altruism or stinginess, complaisance or stubbornness. And in preschoolers, manifestations of temperament become even more pronounced.

Parents should figure out what their baby is like - quiet or fighter, "nimble" or "meat"? What is the temperament of the child and how does it manifest itself? It is important to know this, since conflicts and resentments often arise precisely because of the nature of the children.

Every day you are next to your child, observe him in games, at home, in communication with peers and adults. What kind of "role" do you think he is trying on? Try to analyze the behavior of the baby, perhaps you can "see" your child from a different point of view. Knowing how to determine the temperament of a child, it will be easier for you to deal with his upbringing.

Determining Your Child's Temperament Type: Phlegmatic Preschooler

A phlegmatic child has a balanced, strong, but inactive nervous system. In early childhood, children with such a temperament are called "comfortable" - they rarely cry, sleep a lot, do not require constant attention to themselves. In “quiet” phlegmatic people, all reactions are, as it were, fuzzy: if they cry, then quietly, they laugh just as quietly, stingy with gestures and movements. They do not immediately answer questions, they will not begin to do the job until there is “external influence”. Children with this type of temperament seem to need to be pushed. They definitely need a "period of entry into activity." But everything that such a baby gets used to becomes permanent, the behavior of phlegmatic people is very stable.

Some difficulties arise when something new appears: the environment, the mode, the requirements. For example, when entering a kindergarten, a phlegmatic baby must adapt, get used to it. In a new environment, a representative of such a childish temperament feels uncomfortable, it is not easy for him to make acquaintances, and it is very difficult to part with his parents even for a day. But after, when the situation becomes familiar, the child calmly and without coercion copes with the new “rules”, diligently and accurately performs everything that is required.

The main definition of a preschooler with such a temperament is "hard worker"

But usually he is never the first, he is prevented by some slowness, lethargy, reduced activity. In addition, the “slow reaction” of a phlegmatic person can lead to laziness and indifference, because the baby spends emotions as if half-heartedly, it’s easier for him to sit on the sidelines with his favorite toy.

Often parents make a mistake, trying to adjust, rush the baby - the natural slowness of a son or daughter unnerves adults, they begin to get angry and make comments. It helps a little, rather the opposite is true - among children with different temperaments, phlegmatic people are most often lost and even stop responding to these comments. It is even worse when adults “out of good intentions” strive to do for the child what he is quite capable of - they wash, dress, put away toys, etc. Not only does the baby not learn to be independent, he will also be disappointed in his own forces.

If your child has this type of temperament, it is important for him to show the results of his activities, but at the same time unobtrusively control the performance of the work at each stage. It is great if parents involve the child in games with elements of competition, in mobile team games, where you need to learn how to overcome difficulties and win, help others and be responsive.

A great help for preschoolers with such a temperament is the approval and support for his undertaking and any manifestations of initiative on the part of teachers and parents.

Features of the manifestation of temperament in a melancholic preschooler

A melancholic child most often has a weak nervous system, he is sensitive and vulnerable. Due to the weakness of the nervous processes, fatigue quickly sets in, the child is distracted all the time, and he needs more time to restore his strength than other children. With difficulty, slowly and for a long time, the child masters any skills, but firmly and forever.

The character of a child with such a temperament is calm, a melancholic baby is not seen or heard, all reactions are as if smoothed out, movements are uncertain, the conversation is expressive, but quiet.

The child does not like to demonstrate his skills, rarely joins in a conversation, is inactive and prefers quiet activities to all movements somewhere in the corner, alone; isolation and indecision are the main features of a melancholic.

The individual characteristics of children with such a temperament lie in the fact that they shun noisy peers, they tire melancholic people. Because of this, kids can not stand either kindergarten or school. Even more, such children get tired of new people, loud sounds and noise, harsh remarks - the already low activity of the child is suppressed.

The main points of "vulnerability" of this type of children's temperament are isolation, passivity, fatigue, slight vulnerability and slowness.

If the baby does not answer questions or answers slowly, stammering, this does not mean at all that he does not know the answer. "Guilty" low self-esteem and self-doubt

Parents, not understanding the peculiarities of the temperament of a preschooler, can worsen the situation by constantly repeating to the baby that he is “inattentive”, “forgetful” or “incomprehensible”. A melancholic child can hardly endure failures, gets very upset if something does not work out, is easily offended, and worries over trifles. Any remark or unpleasant event unsettles him for a long time.

But do not forget about one more characteristic of this type of temperament: although melancholic children do not outwardly show their feelings, they are strong and deep, and the lack of reaction is not at all indifference! The undoubted advantages of melancholic babies are the ability to empathize, sensitivity, stability of attachments, habits and interests.

With such children, the tactic of "emotional stroking" is good. They need to create conditions when the child works "in pairs" - with another baby or with an adult. Orders and categorical appeals are contraindicated for such children, they perceive joint discussions much better, and with obligatory emphasis on something positive.

Taking into account all the definitions of this type of temperament, teach the child to switch from internal experiences (including from “turning old grievances”) to the events of the outside world, involve him in active games and housework. Gradually, without pressure, involve the baby in children's groups (kindergarten, sport sections, studios of creativity) - it is useful for a small "hermit" to develop perseverance and perseverance in communicating with peers. And, of course, often praise children with this kind of temperament, demonstrate their achievements, teach independence and courage.

Individual characteristics of temperament in choleric children

The main characteristic of the temperament of choleric children is "the engine is running, but the brakes are failing." So it is with a choleric child: the peculiarity of his strong, but unbalanced nervous system is that the processes of excitation prevail over the processes of inhibition. Such children have fast, loud and impetuous speech, expressive facial expressions and gestures, a violent reaction to prohibitions and inconveniences.

Any information baby preschool age with such a temperament he perceives on the fly, but he also instantly forgets, he instantly masters the new environment, he immediately makes friends - and after five minutes the fearless bully is already in conflict.

The choleric is impulsive, his crying is sobbing to hysterics, his laughter is laughter to tears. The mood changes quickly and unpredictably. A preschooler with this type of temperament is not restrained in the manifestations of emotions and, with a lack of self-control, can flare up because of a trifle - he needs "everything at once." He is easily carried away by any business, but quickly "cools down" and often quits halfway, as he does not tolerate monotony and is restless.

Another feature of children with such a temperament is their love for outdoor games, in which choleric people strive not only to prove themselves, but also to “command” (both children and adults). Any unforeseen moments in the game can cause anger or fear. Among other children, choleric children are distinguished by their noisiness and a tendency to irascibility, and often to pugnacity and even aggression. It is very difficult for them to obey the rules, such kids often conflict over toys and sometimes lose control of themselves.

You should talk with a choleric baby in an even tone, calmly, but demandingly, without persuasion. And at the same time, to instill in the baby the rules of communication without shouting and rudeness, persistently repeating that requests must be polite, rudeness and misconduct must be apologized for, etc.

It is useless to restrain the mobility of the baby or interfere with his activity. But reasonable requirements and clear rules are necessary. Parents can direct the energy of a choleric baby in the “right direction”: sports sections, interesting hobby, calm games, and for the development of perseverance and attention, drawing, appliqué, and modeling work well. It is useful to accustom the choleric to feasible housework (and make sure that he does not shirk!). Your own example helps a lot - teach your baby to be observant, restrained, help to understand that in life it is important to calculate strength and think about decisions.

Prohibitions and punishments for choleric will not help, the child simply ignores them and resists, up to hatred for the "educator". Rather, it helps to demonstrate the "prospects" of the child's violent activity and a positive assessment. Be patient - this is the main thing in raising a choleric baby.

What are the character traits of a preschooler with a sanguine temperament type

A lively, cheerful sanguine child has a mobile, strong and balanced nervous system. Giving a characteristic of different temperaments in children, it is especially worth noting the sociability and activity of sanguine people. As a rule, they always have a cheerful mood, they are businesslike, attentive and perfectly absorb new information.

Sanguine people easily adapt to any conditions, quickly make friends, but if communication becomes uninteresting to them, they “freeze friendship” just as quickly. It turns out that the baby has a lot of friends, but there are no real friends. And the task of parents is to try to educate in a child such a trait as constancy. Moreover, the little sanguine person is quite frivolous not only with his friends, comrades, but also with his affairs and duties. So the breadth of interests turns into its “wrong side”: grabbing onto a lot of things at once, the baby cannot complete any of them.

Children of sanguine temperament can be both “leaders” and “guided”, they do not hold grudges in their hearts, quickly forget failures and are not upset for long because of various troubles. Sudden mood swings are not about sanguine people. The main character traits of children with such a temperament are cheerfulness, wit and enterprise.

Such kids look at everything around them with inexhaustible optimism, they are obedient, but often do not know how to defend their opinion. Sometimes such behavior harms them - after all, kids listen to everyone in a row, and this can cause difficulties and troubles.

Just as easily, sanguine kids move from one activity to another. Here is a child riding on a swing, suddenly broke loose and rushed off to build a castle in the sandbox, and five minutes later he hid behind a bench to be alone. There is a "pitfall" in this behavior. The kid quickly gets tired of the "monotony" and, as soon as he gets bored, he tends to move on to another, more attractive one. this moment. For example, he throws the started drawing of a “house” in order to immediately “draw a typewriter”.

The work that has been started must be completed - try to help the sanguine child learn this rule. To do this, before starting a business, a sanguine person needs to set a clear goal, be sure to demonstrate to the child the results of his work.

Teaching perseverance and patience, support and approval, emphasizing " important role» Toddler in charge - the best methods in raising a sanguine child. You do not want enthusiasm and cheerfulness to turn into inconstancy and frivolity, do you?

And one important addition. There are no "good" or "bad" types of temperament! Both choleric, and sanguine, and melancholic, and phlegmatic people have their pros and cons, positive and negative sides. We cannot change what is laid down by nature, but it is in our power to help highlight the strong traits of temperament and “smooth out” the weak ones.

The kid grows up, he is “educated” by life and the people around him, he learns to imitate adults, takes an example from his peers. In addition, there are no “pure”, one hundred percent types either. Mixed types are much more common, with a predominance of any temperament. So pay attention to these bright features, develop the strengths of the child, teach your treasure to show willpower, advance and retreat, control the natural temperament and use the best features of those mechanisms that nature has laid in us.

The psychological character test will accurately determine the emotional type of your child. Do not forget that each person is unique, and in order to fully reveal the potential of your child, you need to determine the type of his character. Someone needs your support and help, others need to be given more independence and opportunities for self-improvement. Unfortunately, someone needs the help of a specialist psychologist. Our online test: [Your Child's Personality] will help you determine the next steps in your child's development. Encourage your child to answer the following questions honestly and without much thought. If your child does not fully understand the meaning of some of the test questions, answer for him. Who else knows your child better than you? At the end of the test, you will be given an assessment of your child's character type with some comments. Our online test: [The character of your child] is completely free without SMS and registration! The result will be shown immediately after the answer to the last question!

The test contains 89 questions!

Start test online:

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Diagnosis of the type of temperament of a preschooler

Have your child answer 12 questions. You must answer either "yes" or "no".

First, the answers to questions No. 1-6 are analyzed, then - No. 7-12. If the child finds it difficult to answer the question, or his answer is not true, adults can answer questions instead of the child, based on their observations of his behavior.

1. Do you like to visit more than stay at home?

2. Do you like to play with guys more than by yourself?

3. Do you like to play outside more than at home?

4. Do you like going to kindergarten?

5. Can you speak first to children you don't know?

6. Do you like running games more than calm ones?

After the child answered these questions, count the number of positive answers. For each positive answer, 1 point is given. The more positive answers in the child's test, the more this child is open to the outside world, new information, the more he is interested in external circumstances, the more sociable he is (extraversion). The fewer positive answers, the more the child is concentrated on himself, his feelings, sensations, experiences. He does not feel a special need for frequent and active communication (introversion).

So, the smallest number of positive answers indicates that a person is closer to introversion, the largest - to extraversion.

Interpretation of results

1 point- introversion is pronounced.

The child has a very narrow social circle, does not seek to acquire new friends. He only lets close people into his inner world. He is low-energy, slow in his actions.

2-3 points- moderate introversion.

This child also does not feel a special need for communication (the circle of friends is limited), but can communicate if it is necessary in some situation. He does not participate in group activities. It is distinguished by an even mood, emotions are restrained.

4-5 points- moderate extraversion.

The child does not experience difficulties in communication, easily establishes contacts with strangers. Willingly participates in group activities. Too strong emotional reactions can restrain, slow down.

6 points- Significant extraversion.

The child is sociable, has a large circle of friends. He strives for contacts, including with new people. Likes to play, walk with peers. The child is active, strives for new experiences, can give vent to feelings.

Let's move on to the next questions.

7. When you draw and someone is looking at you, does it bother you?

8. Do you get offended when teased?

9. Do you often wake up at night?

10. Do you often get sick?

I. Are you afraid to be alone at home?

12. When you are pushed, do you push too?

For each positive answer, 1 point is given. The more positive answers in the child's test, the more sensitive he is, the more prone to experiences (emotional instability). The fewer positive answers, the more resistant his nervous system to stress (emotional stability). Emotional instability can also be accompanied by poor health.

So, the smallest number of positive answers indicates that a person is closer to emotional stability, the largest - to emotional instability.

Interpretation of results

1 point- high emotional stability.

The child is distinguished by equanimity, because of trifles he is not upset. He is restrained in communication, in behavior, controls his actions.

2-3 points- average emotional stability.

The child is emotionally stable, the behavior is calm, relaxed. He understands reality well, willingly obeys the rules, group norms.

4-5 points- emotional instability.

The behavior of the child largely depends on the current state: in a calm state, he is balanced, in

excited can react violently. Impulsiveness, irascibility, aggression are possible.

6 points- very high emotional instability.

The child is anxious, emotionally excitable. In behavior and actions, he is often guided by impulses. Reactions to events may be inadequate: the strength of the reaction often does not match the strength of the stimulus. In a state of fatigue, resentment reacts violently, angrily.

To determine the type of child's temperament, you can use the "Eysenck circle".

On the horizontal axis, mark the score on the scale "introversion - extraversion" (questions 1-6), and on the vertical axis - the score on the scale "stability-instability" (questions 7-12). Having marked both points on the axes, draw a perpendicular from each to the point of intersection. In the sector where the lines crossed, the child's temperament is indicated. The farther the point is from the center, the more pronounced are the features of one of the four types of temperament. If the point turned out to be close to one of the two axes, then the child is characterized by the features of two types of temperament.

Questionnaire for parents
What type of temperament does your child have?

1. What character traits do your child have?
a) Vitality, optimism, risk-taking, compromise, flexibility,
efficiency, sociability, composure.

b) Calmness, slowness, slowness, thoroughness, solidity, low emotionality, restraint, aversion to risk, peacefulness.

c) Energy, tirelessness, fearlessness, riskiness, perseverance, a tendency to stubbornness, playfulness, cockiness, impatience, conflict, ardor.

d) Shyness, shyness, indecision, suspiciousness, anxiety, timidity, suspicion, resentment, vulnerability, sentimentality, sensitivity, impressionability, distractibility.

2. What emotions does your child experience most strongly?

a) Mostly positive emotions.
b) No violent reactions to the environment; tends to positive emotions.
c) Basically - anger, fear; expresses emotions violently.
d) The main one is fear.

3. What level of anxiety does your child have?

a) Medium.
b) Low.
c) Medium, low.
d) tall.

4. How does your child handle punishment?
a) Calm down.
b) No emotions.
c) Verbal - calmly, the rest - with violent reactions of protest.
5. How does your child behave in an unforeseen situation?
a) curious.
b) Not emotional.
c) Trying to resist.
d) Tries to avoid the event.
6. What games does your child prefer?
a) Any, but so that "life is in full swing."
b) Calm, quiet, secluded.
c) Noisy, gambling, with pranks and pranks.
d) Quiet, secluded - among strangers, noisy, only with someone close.
7. Is your child sociable?
a) Feels at home everywhere; loves the company of children and adults.
b) Prefers solitude.
c) Companions and spectators are always needed.
d) Prefers loneliness, sociable only with close people.
8. How is your child evaluated by his peers? Is he a leader or not?
a) The soul of the company (at the choice of children).
b) Non-authoritative among peers, an outcast in their society, definitely not a leader.
c) Peers treat him differently, he offers himself for the role of leader.
d) Authoritative only among very few friends, not a leader.
9. How often does your child change friends?
a) depending on the situation.
b) Almost never.
c) All the time, all the time.
d) Very rarely.
10. How does your child learn new things?
a) Easy and simple.
b) Thoroughly, but slowly.
c) He grasps everything on the fly, but also quickly forgets.
d) Depending on favorable / unfavorable circumstances.
11. How quickly does your child memorize a fairy tale or a poem? How long does he remember them? Does it capture the whole or just the details?
a) Easily and quickly grasps the whole and remembers for a long time.
b) Slowly, but grasps the whole, almost never forgets.
c) Grabs details very quickly, forgets after a short time.
d) In different ways, delving into all the little things.
12. How tired is your child?
a) Average (tired according to activity).
b) Low (practically does not get tired).
c) Medium, sometimes high (gets tired depending on the outburst of emotions).
d) High (gets tired of the slightest activity).
13. Does your child learn age skills easily?
a) Easily and without difficulty, already at the age of 3, it completely serves itself.
b) With difficulty (age skills are formed very slowly, but for a long time).
c) According to age (prefers to do only what is interesting).
d) Fast but unstable.
14. What movements do your child predominate?
a) The movements are confident, precise rhythmic.
b) The movements are unhurried, “solid”, for example, sit down on a chair thoroughly.
c) The movements are intermittent, abrupt, as if someone is chasing him (cannot sit still).
d) Movements are uncertain, inaccurate, fussy, for example, sits on a chair only on the edge.
15. How does your child speak?
a) Speech is expressive, fast, lively, with facial expressions and gestures, prefers positively colored words.
b) Speech is slow, inexpressive, without gestures, facial expressions and splash of emotions. Words are usually separated by pauses; offers are mostly neutral.
c) Speech is fast, abrupt, emotional. Screams like a loudmouth. He does not speak, but chatters, swallowing syllables and words.
d) Speech is often expressive intonation, but very quiet and not confident. He does not like to use extreme estimates, preferring the expressions: “so-so”, “differently”.
16. How does your child sleep and fall asleep?
a) Usually falls asleep quickly, sleeps well and wakes up with a smile.
b) He falls asleep immediately and sleeps calmly, but after sleep he walks for a long time sluggish, sleepy, as if he had not slept enough.
c) Falls asleep for a long time and with difficulty. Sleeps restlessly under the impression of the events of the day. He wakes up with a different mood: from the best to the worst, depending on what business awaits him.
d) Usually he goes to bed for a long time, but quickly falls asleep and wakes up with a smile.
17. How did your child first get used to the conditions kindergarten?
a) Adapted easily and quickly.
b) He was afraid of the new, did not want changes, adapted for a very long time.
c) He adapted very easily to the new environment of the kindergarten and with difficulty to its requirements.
d) Could not adapt yet. Adapted with difficulty.
Survey results:
If most answers:
a) Your child is sanguine,
b) Your child is phlegmatic,
c) Your child is choleric,
d) Your child is melancholic.

Recommendations for raising children with different types temperament:
SANGUINE:
- strive to develop sustainable interests in the child;
- teach patience, perseverance, the fact that it is necessary to bring any business to the end;
- encourage moral deeds as much as possible;
- eradicate negligence in the performance of various activities;
- keep in mind that cheerfulness, sociability and optimism can have a downside and become a source of frivolity and inconstancy.
PHLEGMATIC PERSON:
- try to develop independence and initiative in the child;
- learn how to correctly switch attention when performing various tasks and allocate rational time;
- do not scold the child for slowness, use game activities where speed of reaction is required, for example, racing games, but do all this within reasonable limits, encourage the child for correct execution the rules of the game;
- learn to express emotions and feelings more fully;
- try to instill communication skills, and develop communication skills;
- Awaken the child's intelligence and imagination;
- make sure that the child is less inert, lethargic, “brake” him more often, otherwise lethargy can degenerate into laziness.
CHOLERIC:
- slow down the pace of your child's actions with various "obstacles";
- direct the energy of your child to some necessary things;
- teach your child to think about his decisions, evaluate the reserves of his strength;
- Cultivate perseverance and restraint by your own example;
- extinguish any aggressiveness;
- choose for your child (with the help of a teacher) games that are calm, reinforcing the processes of inhibition, involving maximum attention and a minimum of emotions;
- teach courtesy through demands, not blandishments.
MELANCHOLIC:
- do not demand from the child what he cannot fulfill, orders from your side slow down his actions;
- try to support, approve, be soft and affectionate with the child;
- aim only at feasible tasks and help to complete them completely and on time;
- teach to overcome shyness and shyness, eradicate self-doubt in him;
- Cultivate initiative, sociability, credulity and courage;
- help get rid of the constant feeling of fear;
- try to call more positive emotions, extinguishing the negative ones.

Temperament types

Sanguine child (strong, balanced, mobile)

Positive, active, easy to communicate. He cares about everything, easily adapts to any situation, resolves conflicts. Easily included in any activity, but also easily switched to something else.

Easily masters age skills. Movements are confident and precise. Speech is expressive, lively, with facial expressions and gestures. Rarely and for a short time sad. Among peers, he usually occupies a leadership position.

Phlegmatic Child (strong, balanced, inert)

Calm "kopush", does not tolerate haste.He does everything slowly, sensibly, with arrangement, in proven ways.. It is quite capable of doing one thing for a long time and tediously, without experiencing fatigue. Persistently goes to his goal, overcoming all obstacles.

He does not change his decisions, it is difficult to convince him. Such a child is incredibly resistant to external stimuli. He is always reserved andseems unemotional, but if he is attached to someone, he will never betray. All age skills are formed in a phlegmatic person for a long time and with difficulty, but for a long time and with high quality.

The speech is calm, unhurried, without gestures and outbursts of emotions, there are often pauses, although the vocabulary is normal. Slowly and not without difficulty getting used to the new environment, does not like change.

Choleric child (strong unbalanced, with a predominance of excitation)

Always bright, colorful, always "too". Mobile, starts with a half turn, his energy is inexhaustible and pranks are immeasurable. A wrestler, a bully, despite failures and difficulties, gets up after each fall and again moves towards his goal, if he needs it, but does not always finish what he started, he can give up everything for something else, no less interesting. By nature, a commander, often conflicts with peers, although he cannot live without them.

The speech of choleric people is jerky, fast, they often swallow words and endings, but they speak very emotionally and loudly. The mood changes easily, depending on the circumstances. Such children easily adapt to the new environment, but with difficulty - to the new rules. They calmly accept verbal punishment, but do not tolerate restrictions on freedom.

Melancholic child (weak)

Such children extremely sensitive and vulnerable, although they are kind and sympathetic. Easily distracted, quickly tired. They sensitively react to loud sounds, shouts ... A little bit - into tears. They are afraid of everything, especially something new, a change of scenery, new people. Shy, timid, indecisive. They “fixate” on their own failures, perceive punishment as a tragedy. Easily and often offended.

Their speech is quiet, but intonationally expressive, their movements are uncertain, poor and often fussy. Age skills are learned in a timely manner, but tend to regress during adaptation to new conditions. But in a familiar environment, they are able to surpass themselves and achieve significant results.

We raise a child according to the type of temperament

How to raise a Sanguine:

• Strive to develop stable interests in him.
• To teach perseverance, patience, the ability to bring what has been started to the end.
• Eliminate negligence and superficiality in the performance of tasks.
• Keep in mind that the cheerfulness, sociability and optimism of a sanguine person can become a source of his frivolity and inconstancy.

How to educate Phlegmatic:

• Develop curiosity, encourage ingenuity and imagination, encourage his initiative.
• Learn to properly distribute attention and time when performing various tasks.
• Learn to express your feelings more fully: how to be kind, how to feel sorry for someone, rejoice, be upset, instill communication skills and develop communication skills.
• Do not get annoyed at the snail's pace, but speed it up by using gaming activities, at least racing games.

How to raise a Choleric:

• Direct the bubbling energy to the necessary, useful things.
• Learn to think about your decisions, evaluate opportunities.
• Cultivate perseverance and restraint, teach self-control, extinguish aggression in the bud
• Choose games that strengthen the processes of inhibition: calm, where everything depends on attention and a minimum of emotions is needed.
• To teach politeness and take into account that the immediacy of a choleric often results in tactlessness.
• Do not persuade, the choleric does not accept persuasion, unlike demands.

How to raise a Melancholic:

• Be gentler with him. Do not demand, but ask. Support and approve.
• Aim it only at feasible tasks, help them complete them on time.
• Support his independence, teach him to overcome shyness, eradicate self-doubt.
• To help and teach to get rid of fears and under no circumstances to intimidate on purpose.
• Do not demand from the melancholic that which is impossible for him.

General rules of education

In addition, one can distinguish general rules which must be taken into account when interacting with all children, regardless of their type of temperament,especially if the type of temperament of the parent and the child is different, and the child always behaves “wrongly”:

• Do not suppress the child, but manage his temperament
• Consider not only cons, but also pros child temperament type
• Do not get annoyed because the child is “not like that”, do not scold the child for his temperament
• Try still teach the child what he lacks